Botere publikoek diseinatzen eta inplementatzen dituzten politiken edukiek eta prozesuek baldintzatzen dute ingurua. Berebiziko egunerokotasuna du gainera gaiak egungo testuinguru bihurrian. Zer egin dezakete herritarrek? Noraino ulertzen ditugu politikok? Blog honek politiken ulermen eta neurri apalagoan, berauen definizioan lagundu nahi du herritarrengandik gertuenekoa den esparruan: esparru lokalean
2012(e)ko azaroaren 30(a), ostirala
Bikoiztasunak EAEko administrazioan eta Udal Legea
2012ko autonomi hauteskundeak aurreratzeak legebiltzarraren bi egitasmo utzi ditu etenda:
1) Udal Legearen tramitazioa
2) Administrazioen bikoiztasunak eta eraginkortasun ezak
Gai horri heldu, eta Udal Legearen tramitazioari berrekiteko beharra azpimarratzen dugu, eta horretarako irizpide jakin batzuk aintzat hartu beharra baita ere. Bestalde bikoiztasunak erlatibizatzeko beharra azpimarratzen dugu ondoko working paperrean, eta eztabaida honen une honetara arteko jitea zalantzazkotzat hartzen
UDAL LEGEAZ ETA BIKOIZTASUNEZ
Etiketak:
administrazioak,
bikoiztasunak,
eraginkortasuna,
eskumenak,
politikak,
udal finantzazioa,
udal legea,
udal-sarrerak,
zerbitzu lokalak,
zerbitzu publikoak
2012(e)ko azaroaren 14(a), asteazkena
Udal politikak eta herrigintza
Oraingoan parte hartzearekin zerikusia duen beste working paper bat aurkeztuko dugu, hain zuzen ere herrigintza elkarteen papaera aztertzen duena. Aldeko zein kontrako faktoreak daude parte hartze prozesu eta estrategietan erakundeok txertatzerakoan, baina gurea bezelako asoziazionismo mugimendu bat parte hartze prozesuetan kanpoan geratzeak ez du izateko arrazoirik.
PARTEHARTZEA ETA HERRIGINTZA (Eus) PARTICIPATION AND SOCIAL INVOLVEMENT (Basque) - PARTICIPACIÓN Y DINAMIZA...
2012(e)ko urriaren 27(a), larunbata
Toki administrazioen berehalako erreformaren harira
Estatuko Gobernuak toki administrazioetan eragiteko asmoa erakutsi du behin eta berriz, eta oraingoan zehazki beraien jardun ekonomikoa bideratzeko balio duten enpresa publikoak sortu eta mantentzeko gaitasunean eragingo du. Zerbitzu publikoen prestazioan pribatizaziorantz jotzen dute haizeek.
EMPRESAS PÚBLICAS LOCALES. ¿INCIERTO FUTURO?
2012(e)ko urriaren 19(a), ostirala
Udal mailako parte hartzea, gakoak eta norabideak
2012(e)ko urriaren 18(a), osteguna
Politika publikoez udal mailan
"Fundación Democracia y Gobierno Local" Fundazioak udal politikak lehenesteko metodologiaz dihardu ondoko lan honetan
Etiketak:
gestio publikoa,
lehenetsi,
onura publikoa,
politikak,
udal zerbitzuak
2012(e)ko irailaren 17(a), astelehena
Zerbitzu publikoetan klausula sozialak ez dira nahikoa
Etiketak:
klausula sozialak,
kooperatibizazioa,
lan hitzarmenak,
mutualizazioa,
outsourcing,
politikak,
prezioa,
pribatizazioa,
udal zerbitzuak,
zerbitzu lokalak,
zerbitzu publikoak
2012(e)ko irailaren 14(a), ostirala
Zerbitzuen pribatizazioa gaur, oztopoak eta posibilitateak (I)
Administrazio publikoek, eta tartean udalek, zerbitzu publikoak kanporatzeko joera izan dute azken hamarkadotan. Joera hauek titularitate aldaketa ekarri izan dute zenbaitzuetan, baina orokorrean zeharkako gestiora jo izan da, hau da, kontratazio publikoaren bidez enpresa pribatu baten esku jartzera zerbitzua, baina titularitatea oraindik administrazioak gordez. Hainbat arrazoi erabili izan dira argudio modura:
Baina kontua da zerbitzuaren gestioa kanporatzeak ere hainbat arazo sortzen dituela, besteak beste honakoak:
- Arrazoi finantzarioak: defizit publikoak jasangaitzak izatea, eta zerbitzu publikoak finantza ikuspegitik eraginkorragoak egiteko beharra
- Arrazoi ekonomikoak: uste zabaldua da enpresa pribatuek eraginkortasun handiagoa dutela erakunde publikoek baino. Dena dela, uste horren azpian akats bat ere badago, enpresa pribatuek ere administrazioen akats berberak erakusten baitituzte oligopolio edo lehia murriztuko egoeretan
- Legezko arrazoiak: hasiera batean europar nazioarteko esparrutik etorritako araudiek lehia askeari ematen dioten garrantziak zenbait jarduera publiko esparru publikotik ateratzera behar du. Bestalde horri gehitu behar zaio funtzio publikorako lan eskaintzak 2014ra arte izoztuta egotea
- Arrazoi ideologikoak: korronte ideologiko batzuk sektore publikoak jarduera ekonomikoan aritzearen aurka egon izan dira betitik.
- Gestioaren kontrola urrundu egiten da bi arrazoirengatik
- Administrazioak berak beste erakunde baten gaineko kontrola egiteko ahalegina handitu egin behar duelako
- Zerbitzuaren arduraduna den administrazioa eta zerbitzuaren erabiltzailearen artean maila bat gehiago (zerbitzua gestionatzen duena) ezartzen delako
- Zerbitzua ematerakoan administrazioak duen helburua (onura publikoa) eta enpresa pribatu batek duena (oro har, kapital enpresetan mozkinak maximizatzea) ezberdinak direlako, eta ezberdintasun honek erabakiak eta jarduerak asko baldintzatzen dituelako
- Zerbitzu hartzaileekiko jarrera ere ezberdina da, zeharkako gestioaren kasu batzuetan bezero modura hartzera jotzen baita erabiltzailea, eta horrek urruntze bat ere badakar
- Mozkinak maximizatzeko zeharkako gestioan dabiltzan enpresen logikak zerbitzuaren kalitatearengan edo zerbitzu emaile diren langileen baldintzengan eragin negatiboa izan dezake
- Zerbitzu ematetik datorren aktibitate ekonomikoak sortzen duen irabazia kasu askotan (batez ere kontratazio handiko enpresen kasuan) herritik eta lurraldetik kanpora joaten da enpresaren erroak beste nonbait daudelako
Panorama hau marraztu ondoren, gai hau landuko dugun hurrengo udal politikek arazo hauek apaltzeko edo konpontzeko izan ditzaketen aukerak aztertuko ditugu.
Etiketak:
mozkinak,
onura publikoa,
outsourcing,
politikak,
pribatizazioa,
titularitatea,
udal zerbitzuak,
zerbitzu lokalak,
zerbitzu publikoak
2012(e)ko irailaren 7(a), ostirala
Public sector outsourcing: finally, an unfairness we can do something about
Shareholders and CEOs are benefiting from the outsourcing boom. But done differently, society could look much fairer
'Public sector commissioning": I can't think of a phrase that conveys something so important and yet sounds so soporific. The worst thing about it is that, the minute you stop being bored, you will immediately become angry. It's like Britain's Got Talent.
At the weekend the FT reported that outsourcing was booming, with a surge in contracts not seen since the 1980s relating to prisons, police forces, defence and health. We knew this was coming, of course – the first wave of police force privatisation was leaked to the Guardian in March. Last November, the first tender documents went out for nine prisons (Birmingham went to private hands in April).
What was the health and social care bill, if not an invitation to private companies to bid for contracts? The FT says this new tranche of work will be worth £4bn; but even though this is certainly a surge, it is a drop in the ocean of the public sector as a whole which, in 2009-10, spent £236bn on goods and services. It's enough that, if it were spent wisely, on companies with some basic principles regarding, say, the pay differential between the top and the bottom, society would look very different. At the moment, it is not being spent wisely.
Here's what goes wrong: first, we're often dealing with a unique service. The police, for instance, which this paper reports today will soon be run by G4S. What other business of the market could be held equivalent to a police force? When it's never been privatised before, it's hard to lodge an effective opposition, beyond "I just don't like outsourcing".
But just as it's hard for us to launch an opposition, it's hard for local authorities to commission. Who do they know who has experience of taking over a police force? Nobody. What kind of irresponsible idiot would hire someone with no experience? So the way the tender document is designed is that only people who can prove experience of dealing with huge budgets need apply.
Indeed, only big firms could afford the cash it costs to make the opening bid. This leads to so-called monocultural situations in which companies spring up who only deal with government contracts (A4e, for instance has had millions of pounds of public money, and it never struck anyone as strange that nobody else wanted to employ it – although A4e claims it has contracts with the private sector, most of its income comes from government contracts). They become the only viable bidder, whose efficacy is rarely tested, and when it is it doesn't matter because they're – this old chestnut – too big to fail. The possibility of corruption, while it looms large, is actually only ancillary. The central problem is that it encourages companies to expand into areas in which they have no expertise and squeeze out smaller, often charitable enterprises already working in that area.
So, for instance, Prospects started off as a south London careers service. It won a £71m contract to do Ofsted's early-years inspections in 2010 (a reminder that outsourcing didn't start with the coalition). Then it got a work programme contract in the south-east worth £50m. Then it subcontracted its "clients", who became those famously shafted Jubilee stewards.
I use this example deliberately: as a firm with no shadow of a misdeed, just a lot of government money, for work it sometimes subcontracts and doesn't have to take responsibility for. Its executive chairman, Ray Auvray, makes £193,354 a year – this actually isn't very much, by the standards of his peers.
The One Society showed last year that private companies whose main income came from the public sector paid their chief executives far more than the highest paid public sector employee. "Serco, which receives over 90% of its business from the public sector, paid Christopher Hyman an estimated £3,149,950 in 2010. This is six times more than the highest paid UK public servant and 11 times more than the highest paid UK local authority CEO."
But if Prospects doesn't overpay its executive chairman, it does turn a substantial yearly profit of £12.6m. It does not seem unreasonable to ask whether rewarding shareholders is an inevitable cost in this sector. Why can't this work be undertaken by not-for-profit organisations, many of which were established for the very purpose of doing it?
The answer is because charities are never large enough to tender for contracts. Instead they are used as "bid candy" for large corporations to demonstrate a sense of social responsibility. The charities often secede from the deal later on, either because they don't get any referrals or because they're only given the "hard-to-reach" cases (15 charities pulled out of the work programme in the second half of last year for these reasons).
This is replicated in every sector: who can afford to bid for a prison? Capita,G4S, Serco, Sedexo; possibly a foreign company of a similar size, GEOAmey. We can't see who's in the running due to commercial confidentiality; all we can do is await the result and remark upon how inevitable it was. The lowest bidder will win, and its "efficiency saving" will generally be that it has managed to drive down wages. Especially in the adult social care sector, how could it possibly be otherwise? Their product is care; the only thing that can become cheaper is the carer or the cared-for. Then we sit back and marvel that 3.6m households are "one push from penury", not because of unemployment, but because wages are too low.
The point is not that it's unfair – it's that here, finally, is an unfairness that we can do something about. We just have to wake up.
Twitter: @zoesqwilliams
- © 2012 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved.
Oraingo honetan gaur egun hainbat buruhauste ematen dituen beste gai garrantzitsu bati buruz arituko gara: JUBILAZIOA.
Azken urteetan krisia dela eta, jubilazio adina luzatu egin da lurralde askotan. Langile hauek lanean jarraitzea erabakitzen dute 65 urterekin jubilatuz gero kobratuko duten pentsio miseriak ez dielako bizi kalitate onik bermatuko.
The Guardian prentsa Ingelesean honi buruz idatzi dute honako artikulu honetan.
Can you ever afford to retire?
Can you ever afford to retire?
With
new statistics showing that 1.4m people of pension age are still
working, we look at what people should do to be able to retire
Will you ever be able to retire? The number of people working
past state pension age has nearly doubled in the past 18 years,
according to figures released by the Office for National Statistics.
The figures show that 1.4m people above the state pension age were still employed in 2011, compared with 753,000 in 1993.
Some work for social interaction, job satisfaction and to provide structure to their lives. But Ros Altmann, director general of Saga, says many are forced to work for an altogether more worrying reason: they simply don't have enough to live on if they retire. This, she says, "may be especially true for women who may have returned back to work from taking time off and have very little pension provision".
Darren Philip, policy director at the National Association of Pension Funds agrees: "Having more older people in the workforce will become the norm. Many are choosing to ease into their retirement for social and financial reasons, and part-time work is a popular option.
"The problem comes when people want to retire but end up stuck at work because they cannot afford to leave. With half the workforce not saving into a pension, this is going to become a painful reality for millions."
The average 50-year-old intends to retire at the age of 61.5 years, having paid off their mortgage at 58.5, according to the insurer MetLife. This is highly unlikely to happen, though: MetLife points out that the same average 50-year-old has £54,300 saved in their pension funds, less than half the £122,800 they would need to generate about £7,000 a year in annuity income. That, in addition to the basic state pension, should just about add up to an annual income of £14,400 – the poverty line as defined by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Ian Naismith, head of pensions for the insurer, says: "We've seen a significant increase this year in public sector workers [who are most likely to have the option of joining a final salary scheme] who say they're not currently contributing to any pension – up from 14% to 19%. However, we think an equally significant factor may be loss of confidence. Only 37% are confident that their scheme will pay out as planned, and only 42% believe their main income will come from a defined benefit pension, down from 51% last year."
It is difficult to think about putting money towards retirement when prices are rising and salaries are not. But it is vital if you want the option of retiring with a decent standard of living. So how should people in different sectors of the work market approach this problem?
Naismith says: "For someone running their own business, the priority is to make it successful and that may take up all their financial resources. They may also feel that they can help fund their retirement by selling their business at some stage, but they should bear in mind that their business may not raise the amount they expected, or could even fail. The government is planning to raise state pensions for self-employed people, but only to about £7,300 a year."
Cyrus Tchahardehi, 37, launched an online hospitality training and networking business, Rehoba, in 2011 after leaving his job as a wine supplier. He says: "While I love having my own business, saving for retirement was easier when I had a company pension plan. I managed to save around £45,000, all of which has gone into the business.
"I will reassess my situation once all of my borrowings are reimbursed. I don't really know at what age I would wish to retire, but ideally I see myself retiring in my early to mid-fifties and dabbling in a few businesses."
Martin Bamford, a chartered financial planner with independent financial adviser Informed Choice says: "Cyrus should focus for a few years on achieving profitability within the business and then work with his professional advisers to understand the most tax-efficient ways in which to extract these profits by making pension contributions. Cyrus appears to display the typical entrepreneurial mindset when it comes to taking risks with his money, so he might want to take less risk within his pension funds to balance things out."
Robert Jessel, a 31-year-old copywriter who lives in south-west London with his wife, an academic, admits he will "probably never be able to stop working entirely". The couple do not own their own home, and Jessel says that while he had an occupational pension for three months in his last job, it will probably take the introduction of auto-enrolment – the automatic opting in of staff into their employer's pension scheme – before he starts saving again.
"The current economic climate is a big shock to people my age. I grew up and had my first job in boom years. Now we're just trying to get by. I won't really be able to save anything until I'm earning £40,000, but my wife has completed her PhD and is looking for a job. That should help."
Bamford says: "Robert is not alone in waiting to be forced to save for his retirement. But the introduction of auto-enrollment is unlikely to encourage him to save at the level he needs to have a financially secure retirement. A plan based on continuing to work forever is rarely practical or realistic. Sickness or lack of work are both factors that tend to force people into retirement much earlier than planned.
"At 31 years old, Robert is young enough to make a real difference to his retirement if he is prepared to save. But if buying a first home is his priority, he still has a few years before he really needs to start worrying about tying money up in a pension. In the meantime he should save what he can in flexible and accessible cash savings accounts and Isas."
Many are worried they will end up with less retirement income following the government-instigated changes to public sector final salary schemes, but according to the research more than half say they are unable to save to improve their retirement income.
Anna-Marie Jones, a performance analyst at Brighton and Hove City Council, contributes £172 a month towards her public sector final salary scheme. She says: "I will always work and want to work in the public sector. But I can't afford to contribute to another pension scheme, and although I do have regular savings, I want to be able to access them at any time if there is an emergency."
Jones is doing the right thing, Bamford says: "You would expect Anna-Marie to be in the most financially secure position in retirement. Despite the latest series of reforms, public sector pensions typically offer the most generous benefits of any type of pension scheme.
"Anna-Marie will receive a projected benefit statement once a year which she should review carefully. And as she gets closer to her retirement age, it will become easier to understand how this pension income will support her desired lifestyle in older age. Making regular savings to create a cash fund alongside her pension benefits is a smart move. Once she has built up an emergency fund equivalent to three or six months' typical expenditure, Anna-Marie might consider creating a longer-term savings fund or even investing in an Isa."
Women with young children are able to claim child benefit, but
in families where at least one partner earns over £50,000 a year this is
due to be clawed back through the tax system from 7 January next year.The figures show that 1.4m people above the state pension age were still employed in 2011, compared with 753,000 in 1993.
Some work for social interaction, job satisfaction and to provide structure to their lives. But Ros Altmann, director general of Saga, says many are forced to work for an altogether more worrying reason: they simply don't have enough to live on if they retire. This, she says, "may be especially true for women who may have returned back to work from taking time off and have very little pension provision".
Darren Philip, policy director at the National Association of Pension Funds agrees: "Having more older people in the workforce will become the norm. Many are choosing to ease into their retirement for social and financial reasons, and part-time work is a popular option.
"The problem comes when people want to retire but end up stuck at work because they cannot afford to leave. With half the workforce not saving into a pension, this is going to become a painful reality for millions."
The average 50-year-old intends to retire at the age of 61.5 years, having paid off their mortgage at 58.5, according to the insurer MetLife. This is highly unlikely to happen, though: MetLife points out that the same average 50-year-old has £54,300 saved in their pension funds, less than half the £122,800 they would need to generate about £7,000 a year in annuity income. That, in addition to the basic state pension, should just about add up to an annual income of £14,400 – the poverty line as defined by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Even if you are saving
hard, the crisis in Greece and Spain is making matters worse. Unless you
belong to a final salary or defined benefit pension scheme, your
savings will have been hit by the stock market turmoil.
Incredibly, some of those entitled to join a defined benefit scheme – regarded as the crème de la crème of pensions
– are not taking advantage of the opportunity. Others believe their
scheme will not provide enough income, according to research by Scottish
Widows.Ian Naismith, head of pensions for the insurer, says: "We've seen a significant increase this year in public sector workers [who are most likely to have the option of joining a final salary scheme] who say they're not currently contributing to any pension – up from 14% to 19%. However, we think an equally significant factor may be loss of confidence. Only 37% are confident that their scheme will pay out as planned, and only 42% believe their main income will come from a defined benefit pension, down from 51% last year."
It is difficult to think about putting money towards retirement when prices are rising and salaries are not. But it is vital if you want the option of retiring with a decent standard of living. So how should people in different sectors of the work market approach this problem?
Self-employed
People running their own businesses are the least likely to be saving towards their retirement, with just 36% putting anything into a pension. One fifth of those questioned for the Scottish Widows survey believed the bulk of their pension would come from a defined benefit scheme, indicating they expect to survive on contributions to pension schemes run by previous employers.Naismith says: "For someone running their own business, the priority is to make it successful and that may take up all their financial resources. They may also feel that they can help fund their retirement by selling their business at some stage, but they should bear in mind that their business may not raise the amount they expected, or could even fail. The government is planning to raise state pensions for self-employed people, but only to about £7,300 a year."
Cyrus Tchahardehi, 37, launched an online hospitality training and networking business, Rehoba, in 2011 after leaving his job as a wine supplier. He says: "While I love having my own business, saving for retirement was easier when I had a company pension plan. I managed to save around £45,000, all of which has gone into the business.
"I will reassess my situation once all of my borrowings are reimbursed. I don't really know at what age I would wish to retire, but ideally I see myself retiring in my early to mid-fifties and dabbling in a few businesses."
Martin Bamford, a chartered financial planner with independent financial adviser Informed Choice says: "Cyrus should focus for a few years on achieving profitability within the business and then work with his professional advisers to understand the most tax-efficient ways in which to extract these profits by making pension contributions. Cyrus appears to display the typical entrepreneurial mindset when it comes to taking risks with his money, so he might want to take less risk within his pension funds to balance things out."
Private sector employee
The average income someone in the private sector expects to retire on is £24,370, according to the 2012 Scottish Widows pensions report. While this is slightly below the UK average, it is nearly double the £13,000 that the average saver retiring at age 65 is actually set to receive. One in 10 would like to retire at 55, but 24% think they will only be able to retire when they are 70 or over.Robert Jessel, a 31-year-old copywriter who lives in south-west London with his wife, an academic, admits he will "probably never be able to stop working entirely". The couple do not own their own home, and Jessel says that while he had an occupational pension for three months in his last job, it will probably take the introduction of auto-enrolment – the automatic opting in of staff into their employer's pension scheme – before he starts saving again.
"The current economic climate is a big shock to people my age. I grew up and had my first job in boom years. Now we're just trying to get by. I won't really be able to save anything until I'm earning £40,000, but my wife has completed her PhD and is looking for a job. That should help."
Bamford says: "Robert is not alone in waiting to be forced to save for his retirement. But the introduction of auto-enrollment is unlikely to encourage him to save at the level he needs to have a financially secure retirement. A plan based on continuing to work forever is rarely practical or realistic. Sickness or lack of work are both factors that tend to force people into retirement much earlier than planned.
"At 31 years old, Robert is young enough to make a real difference to his retirement if he is prepared to save. But if buying a first home is his priority, he still has a few years before he really needs to start worrying about tying money up in a pension. In the meantime he should save what he can in flexible and accessible cash savings accounts and Isas."
Public sector employee
Nearly half of public sector workers would like to retire at the age of 60 or younger – well below the government's planned retirement age for public sector schemes. Yet 37% of those questioned for the Scottish Widows survey are putting aside nothing in addition to their occupation pension to enable this to happen.Many are worried they will end up with less retirement income following the government-instigated changes to public sector final salary schemes, but according to the research more than half say they are unable to save to improve their retirement income.
Anna-Marie Jones, a performance analyst at Brighton and Hove City Council, contributes £172 a month towards her public sector final salary scheme. She says: "I will always work and want to work in the public sector. But I can't afford to contribute to another pension scheme, and although I do have regular savings, I want to be able to access them at any time if there is an emergency."
Jones is doing the right thing, Bamford says: "You would expect Anna-Marie to be in the most financially secure position in retirement. Despite the latest series of reforms, public sector pensions typically offer the most generous benefits of any type of pension scheme.
"Anna-Marie will receive a projected benefit statement once a year which she should review carefully. And as she gets closer to her retirement age, it will become easier to understand how this pension income will support her desired lifestyle in older age. Making regular savings to create a cash fund alongside her pension benefits is a smart move. Once she has built up an emergency fund equivalent to three or six months' typical expenditure, Anna-Marie might consider creating a longer-term savings fund or even investing in an Isa."
Rather than claim child benefit only for the higher-earning partner to have to fill in a tax return and pay it back in extra income tax, some women might choose not to claim in the first place. But George Bull of accountant Baker Tilly says this would be a mistake, as it could result in the woman losing out on state pension.
He says: "If a woman simply does not claim [child benefit], she gets nothing: nothing in cash and nothing on her NI record. However, under the new rules, she will be able to claim but elect not to be paid, which is subtly different: she will not collect the child benefit, so there will be no tax clawback, but she should still be credited with the minimum NI record needed to qualify for state pension."
- © 2012 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved.
2012(e)ko uztailaren 2(a), astelehena
Hurrengo honetan gaiz aldatu eta prentsa Ingelesetik hainbat informazio interesgarri aurkitu dugu. Ondorengo artikulu honetan Osasun eta Gizarte zaintzari buruz ari da.
Sendagaien administrazio desegokia eman ohi da eta hortaz inspektoreen atentzio handiagoa eskatzen da.
Osasun eta Gizarte Zaintzaren Hornitzaileen uts egitea
Quarter of health and social care providers 'failing'
Care Quality Commission finds problems with mismanagement of medicines, poor record-keeping and low staff numbers
- Press Association
- guardian.co.uk,
More than one in four health and social care providers in England are failing to meet essential standards of quality and safety, the health watchdog has found.
The Care Quality Commission said it had to take action to improve standards in 27% of locations it inspected.
The CQC report, which is based on findings from unannounced inspections of 14,000 health and social care providers in England, said it had to instruct 3,687 organisations to improve services. In extreme cases, services had to be shut down, while others were given improvement plans.
It said 77% of NHS services were providing the essential standards, compared with 72% locations in adult social care and 82% in independent healthcare.
The CQC said the key problems were the mismanagement of medicines, staffing numbers and record-keeping. Almost two in five locations failed to meet the essential standard of medicine management.
"Our inspectors are seeing a worrying number of examples where safe management of medicines is being compromised, often by a lack of information given either to those taking the medicines, or those caring for them," the authors of the report said.
One in 10 organisations failed to meet the appropriate staffing levels and 15% of locations had poor record-keeping.
The report states: "Issues range from records – which include crucial information about people's care – being incomplete or not up to date; not kept securely or confidentially; or not showing that risks to people had been identified and were being managed appropriately."
The inspectors also raised concerns about the premises used for social care.
CQC's deputy chief executive, Jill Finney, said: "The data that CQC holds on performance across health and social care is unique in breadth and scale.
"In our first market report, we use this data to look at patterns of performance across sectors, at the specific areas where providers are failing to meet people's needs, and we describe the action we've taken to hold providers to account for these failings.
"We've also asked inspectors – our eyes and ears on the ground – if there are other emerging trends that are not yet apparent in terms of numbers, but are causing them concern. This adds another dimension to our assessment of risk and where we need to focus our attention. We hope this intelligence will also be useful to other parts of the health and social care system.
"Now that we've collected a significant amount of inspection data, we can use this information to probe more deeply into what lies behind risks in the system. This report is the first step in that process.
"CQC will use this information to help target our unannounced inspections – but we also want providers to look closely at this report in order to assure themselves that they are taking all steps necessary to protect people from poor care."
The Royal College of Nursing chief executive and general secretary, Dr Peter Carter, said: "It is shocking that more than one in four locations inspected in this report have failed to meet even essential standards of quality and safety.
"We are reassured that the CQC has taken action to address these failings; nevertheless, this presents a long overdue wake-up call for the government. Those locations in question must be brought up to standard as a matter of urgency."
The health minister Simon Burns said: "There is no excuse for delivering anything but the best care. By exposing poor practice and shining a light on best practice we are determined to drive up standards for everyone.
"Our modernisation plans for the NHS and social care are designed to lift care far above these minimum standards of safety and quality, establishing services which are among the very best in the world."
- © 2012 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved.
2012(e)ko ekainaren 19(a), asteartea
Zerbitzu publikoen pribatizazioa: pribatizazioaren aurrean zer?
Azken lau postetan landu dugun gaiarekin jarraituko dugu gaurkoan. Oraingoan agenteak, iritzi publikoa, kooperatibizazio ekimena eta kooperatiben taldekatzea aztertuko ditugu.
Kooperatibizazio politiken agenteak
Agente ezberdinen bidez jokatu daiteke,- Estrategia Agenteak: Zerbitzuen kooperatibizazioa helburu dutenak
- "Diana" Agenteak: Kooperatibizazio politikak eraginkor egiten dutenak
- Bigarren mailako Agenteak: Sindikatuak edota expertoak hala nola
- Iritzi publikoa: Iritzi publikora iristeko dauden bide ezberdinak, interneta, komunikazio bideak, unibertsitateak etabarren medio.
- Organizazio Sozialak: Administrazio publiko eta hiritarren arteko mediadoreak izango dira. Hainbat metodoren bidez hiritarrengana iritsi ahal dira, hauen sensibilitatera eta baita mobilizaziora, horretarako komunikatuak eta sinaduren batzea daude beste batzuren artean.
Iritzi publikoarekiko eragina
Zerbitzu lokalen kooperatibizazio kasuan mezu argi bat komunikatuko da:
"Zerbitzu lokalen mutualizazioa politika onena da efizentzia eta zerbitzuaren kalitatea bateratzeko"
Zerbitzu publikoaren kalitate ona bermatzea, garrantzizko ardura bat da gaur egun. Hiritarraren espektatibak bete behar dira, honek zerbitzu hobeagoa, administrazio gardena eta zerbitzu kostu baxuagoak eskuratuko ditu besteak beste.
Erabiltzaileen Auto-Antolaketa
Zerbitzu prestazioetan baldintza hobeagoak lortzeko asmoarekin.
Batzuetan, antolaketa sozialak oso modu zuzenean eragin dezakete zerbitzuaren hobekuntzan, gestio publikoan eta erabiltzaileen parte hartzean.
Antolaketa sozialak eragin handia daukate botere publikoen erabaki hartzeetan, hortaz mutualizazio edo kooperatibismoaren bultzatzean indarra izango du.
Zerbitzu Lokalen Hornitzaile Kooperatiben Antolaketa
Aurretik aipatutako abantailez gain, badaude zenbait desabantail arlo batzuetan. Hala nola ahalmen finantzarioan, orokorrean edota hezkuntzan.
Hortaz, kooperatiba politikek arretaz begiratuko dute egiturazko déficit hauek.
Honen aurrean konponbide egokiena, Italian sortutako modelo bat omen da, hiru bide egongo dira:
- Kooperatiba txikien federazioa elkarteekiko
- Kooperatiba sozialen taldeak
- Zerbitzu publikoen prestazioak
Modelo honen bidez, ez dira erabiltzaileengan ezta hauen inguru lokaletik urrunduko eta aldi berean dimentsioaren abantailak hartuko dituzte, hots, finantzaketa, kalitatea eta formazioaren hobekuntza hain zuzen.
Kooperatiben Taldeak
- Zerbitzu kooperatiben elkarteak
- Antolaketa kooperatiboak edo ekonomia sozialekoak
- Entitate publikoak
Etiketak:
parte hartze ekonomikoa,
parte hartzea,
politikak,
pribatizazioa,
talde kooperatiboak,
titularitatea,
udal zerbitzuak,
zerbitzu lokalak,
zerbitzu publikoak
2012(e)ko ekainaren 4(a), astelehena
Zerbitzu publikoak: pribatizazioaren aurrean zer? (IV)
Aurreko postean aipatzeko geratu zitzaigun hainbat zerbitzu publikoren kooperatibizazioaren gaineko aipamena. Honako hauek aztertuko ditugu oraingoan: kultura, enplegua, ur hornidura, kirola, ingurumena eta energia.Enplegua: Oro har zerbitzu honen gestioa eta bitartekoak arlo publikoan geratu ohi dira. Dena dela, berauentzako aholkularitza lana, proiektuen gestioa eta abar mutualiza daitezke, batez ere langile kooperatiben bidez, erabiltzaile kooperatibez baino hobeto
- Segurtasuna: Segurtasuna asko kanporatu bada ere, mutualizazioa auzoen segurtasunari lotu izan zaio batez ere. Normalean auzo elkarteek edo segurtasuna bera baino helburu zabalagoak dituzten elkarteek hartu izan dute zeregin hau beren gain modu mutualizatuan.
- Ur hornidura: Diru inbertsio handiak, azpiegitura handiak eta amortizazio epe luzeak izaten dituzten zerbitzua dira. Berez ur banaketaz arduratzen diren konpainiek barne pizgarri gutxi izaten dute, eta kanpokoak ere ez dira oso ugariak izaten. Europa mendebaldean diru eta azpiegitura publikoen mugimendu handia eduki ohi dute, eta korporazio handien esku egoten da zerbitzu hauek ematea. Esperientzia kooperatibistarik apenas dago. Baina azpiegitura gutxi edo nahikoa ez den inbertsioa dagoen lekuetan koopertibizaziorako baldintza objektiboak egon badaude, Europa ekialdean esate baterako.
- Kultura: Normalean gestio publikoaren bidez aurrera eraman den zerbitzu bat izan da, gero eta pisu handiagoa hartu duena gainera. Zerbitzu hartzaileen interesa handia izan den lekuetan erabiltzaileen esperientzia kooperatiboak sortu izan dira, baita zerbitzuaren beraren gestioari dagokionean ere. Langileen kooperatibak ere sortu izan dira know-howak garrantzia duen lekuetan.
- Kirola: Zerbitzu honetarako bitarteko publikoak oso gora-beheratsuak izaten dira, eta horrek eragotzi egiten ditu koopertibizatze prozesuak. Administrazioen borondate falta honen ondorioz, borondatez egiten den lanak garrantzia handia du, eta zerbitzu ematea honela gauzatzen da kooperatiben bidez bainoago. Bitarteko publikoak egonkortzen diren neurrian esperientzia kooperatiboak zabalduko dira.
- Ingurumena: Arlo honetan bi behar nagusi ari dira sortzen udalen mailan:
- Ingurumen ezagutza handitzea azterketak, tresnak, uharka ekologikoa eta abar zabalduz jendartean.
- Gero eta handiagoa den hondakinen gestioa.Honela, arlo honetan zabor bilketa eta zabortegien gestioa dira kooperatibizazio ikuspegitik interesgarriak. Baina ez da erraza kooperatibizatzen, momentuz erabiltzaileak ez baitaude interesatuta gestio horretan.
- Energia: Gero eta sentsibilitate handiagoa egoteak gai honetan gizartean, udalak inplikatzea ekarri du. Baina ez da udalek modu nabarian gestiona dezaketen zerbitzu bat, eta bere jarduna energia aurrezte politikak martxan jartzera bideratu ahal izan da bakarrik. Salbuespen modura gainbeheran dauden lekuetan, urrundutako lekuetan, energia azpiegiturak sortzeko kooperatibizazio esperientzia sortu izan dira.
2012(e)ko maiatzaren 29(a), asteartea
Zerbitzu publikoak: pribatizazioaren aurrean zer? (III)
Orain hurrengoan argitaratutako postean mutualizazio esperientziez jardungo genuela esan genuen, eta horretan hasiko gara.
Zein sektoretan gauzatu dira mutualizazio esperientziak?
Ekai Centerren honako sektore hauen mutualizazioaren berri dugu:
Zein sektoretan gauzatu dira mutualizazio esperientziak?
Ekai Centerren honako sektore hauen mutualizazioaren berri dugu:
- Gizarte laguntza
- Osasuna
- Hezkuntza
- Segurtasuna
- Turismoa
- Garraio zerbitzuak
- Enplegu zerbitzuak
- Ur hornidura
- Ingurumena
- Energia
Baina gehiago ere badira noski.
Gizarte laguntza
Gizarte laguntza forma berriak agertu dira azken hamarkada hauetan, eta horrez gain, bizi itxaropena luzatzeak eta familia eredua aldatzeak gizarte laguntza behar berriak ekarri ditu. Sektore hau externalizazio kopuru handienetakoa duena da bai, baina baita gehien kooperatibizatu denetakoa ere.
Hezkuntza
Europar hezkuntza sistemak kontzertuak ezartzen ditu sare publikokoak ez diren hezkuntza erakundeekin. Honela ba, kooperatibizazio aukera asko agertzen dira, bai erabiltzaileen kooperatibak sortuz, bai langileenak edo bien arteko figurak erabiliz. Haur hezkuntzan daude esperientzia gehien Europan, eta Estatu batetik bestera dauden lege eta antolaketa ezberdintasunek berebiziko antolaketa aniztasuna ekarri baldin badute ere, hezkuntzaren unibertsalizazioan ekarpen handia izan dira kooperatiba hauek.
Turismoa
Kooperatibizazioa normalean kultura eta turismo azpiegituren gestioan gertatu da. Zerbitzuon erabiltzaileek harreman jarraiturik ez dutenez zerbitzuarekin ez dira kooperatibizatzen normalean, eta horregatik erabiltzaile kooperatibak baino hornitzaileenak izaten dira. Bestalde publiko-pribatu kolaborazio esperientziak zabaltzen ari dira turismo arloan.
Garraio zerbitzuak
Kasu honetan azpiegiturak egitea baino, zerbitzuen gestioa izan da kooperatibizatu dena, lanaren kooperatibizazioaren bidetik batez ere. Beharrezko jotzen diren azpiegituren finantzazioa izaten da eragileen kezka nagusienetakoa. Honekin batera kooperatibek behar besteko errentagarritasuna edukitzea ere kezka iturri izan ohi da, batez ere aktibitatea mantentzeko adinako inbertsioak egiteko adinakoa den ala ez.
Hurrengo postean enplegua, segurtasuna, ur hornidura, kultura, kirola, ingurumena eta energiaren kooperatibizazioaz jardungo dugu.
Etiketak:
garraioa,
gizarte laguntza,
hezkuntza,
kooperatibizazioa,
mutualizazioa,
pribatizazioa,
turismoa,
udal zerbitzuak,
zerbitzu publikoak
2012(e)ko maiatzaren 19(a), larunbata
Zerbitzu publikoak: pribatizazioaren aurrean zer? (II)
Aurreko postean tokiko zerbitzu publikoen mutualizaziorako aukerak eta bideak zeintzuk ziren aztertzekotan geratu ginen. Horri ekingo diogu beraz post honetan.
Kooperatibizatzeko moduak
Kooperatibizatzeko moduak
- Kooperatibizatze osoa: Zerbitzuaren gestioa kooperatibei edo ekonomia sozialeko entitateei transmititzea
- Kooperatibizatze partziala: kontsortzio publiko-pribatu baten bidez, edo administrazioa bera parte izanez zerbitzua gestionatzen duen entitate kooperatiboan.
Kooperatibizazio partzialaren aukerari erreparatuko diogu une batez. Formula hauek, batez ere kolaborazio publiko-pribatuarenek, aukera ematen diete kooperatibei inbertsio behar handiak dituzten zerbitzuetan sartzeko (argindar hornidura, ur hornidura eta abar esate baterako). Gainerakoan kooperatibek zailtasunak izaten baitituzte honelakoetara beren zeregina bideratzeko kapitala eskuratzeko dituzten oztopoak medio.
Honela ba, administrazioaren esku hartzea zertan gauzatuko litzateke, eta zertarako izango litzateke? Zenbait aukera daude:
- Arrisku kapitala ekarriko lukeen inbertsore modura
- Laguntza eta ezagutza teknikoa ekarriko lukeen entitate modura
- Zerbitzu hauen interes publikoaren bermatzaile modura
Kanporatutako zerbitzuak kooperatibizatzeko faktore nagusiak
Hainbat egoerek edo gora-beherek lagundu dezakete zerbitzu publikoen kooperatibizazioan:
- Toki entitateen egoera finantziaroaren gaineko kezkek
- Herri hazietan inbertsio behar handiek
- Inguruko herrietan antzeko esperientziak egoteak
- Kalitatea hobetzeko eta parte hartzea sustatzeko politikak martxan edukitzeak
Kooperatibizatzearen abantailak
- Transkazio gastuak murriztu egiten dira modu nabarmenean
- Entitate mutualistek malgutasun handia erakusten dute egoera ezberdinetan
- Baliabide propioak garatzeko gaitasun handia izaten dute
- Berrikuntzarako gaitasun handia izaten dute
- Erabiltzaileekiko lotura
- Zerbitzuaren eta beronen beharren ezagutza handia
- Ehundura sozialean izan ohi duten sustraitzea
Kooperatibizatze estrategiak
Zerbitzu publikoak kooperatibizatzerakoan hainbat bide erabil daitezke, egoeraren arabera. Honela gestioa pribatizatuta daukaten zerbitzuek akziodunez gain erabiltzaileak eta langileak sar ditzakete titularitatean. Hau kooperatibizate partziala izango litzateke. Aldiz, kooperatibizazio osorako aukera ere badago zuzenean ezaugarri formal hauek diten entitate bati emanaz kontratazio publiko bidez gestioa. Horretarako klausula sozialen aukera dago.
Hurrengo postetan ere gai honekin jarraituko dugu, sektorekako esperientzien berri emanaz, eta kontratazio publikoan duen eraginaz.
Etiketak:
garraioa,
gizarte laguntza,
hezkuntza,
kooperatibizazioa,
mutualizazioa,
pribatizazioa,
titularitatea,
turismoa,
udal zerbitzuak,
zerbitzu publikoak
2012(e)ko maiatzaren 4(a), ostirala
Zerbitzu publikoak: pribatizazioaren aurrean zer? (I)
Honako post honekin gai berri bati ekin diogu blog honetan, eta hainbat eta hainbat udal ordezkarik egiten duten galdera bat jarriko dugu mahai gainean: zerbitzu publikoak enpresa pribatuen esku uzteak ba al du alternatibarik?
Noski, alternatiba zerbitzu horiek udal administrazioak bere langile eta bitartekoen bidez ematea izango da, baina zenbait kasutan hori ez da posible, zerbitzuak ez duelako behar besteko entitaterik edo aurreikusten den arriskua asumitzeko gaitasunik ez dutelako udalek. Bestalde arrazoi ideologikoak ere topa ditzakegu, batez ere zerbitzuak zuzenean administrazio publikoak ematea txarretsi egiten duten joerena, efizientziaren eta gastuaren aldetik hainbat arrazoi ematen dituztenena.
Zerbitzua zuzenean administrazio publikoak emateak alde onak eta alde txarrak baditu zalantzarik gabe. Baina zerbitzuaren prestazioa pribatizatzeak udal baten ikuspegi pragmatikoenetik bere alde onak eduki baditzake ere (zerbitzuaren bideragarritasuna finkatu artean arriskurik ez hartzea, kostuak murriztea...), alderdi txarrak ere baditu. Azken hauen aipamen laburra egingo dugu:
Noski, alternatiba zerbitzu horiek udal administrazioak bere langile eta bitartekoen bidez ematea izango da, baina zenbait kasutan hori ez da posible, zerbitzuak ez duelako behar besteko entitaterik edo aurreikusten den arriskua asumitzeko gaitasunik ez dutelako udalek. Bestalde arrazoi ideologikoak ere topa ditzakegu, batez ere zerbitzuak zuzenean administrazio publikoak ematea txarretsi egiten duten joerena, efizientziaren eta gastuaren aldetik hainbat arrazoi ematen dituztenena.
Zerbitzua zuzenean administrazio publikoak emateak alde onak eta alde txarrak baditu zalantzarik gabe. Baina zerbitzuaren prestazioa pribatizatzeak udal baten ikuspegi pragmatikoenetik bere alde onak eduki baditzake ere (zerbitzuaren bideragarritasuna finkatu artean arriskurik ez hartzea, kostuak murriztea...), alderdi txarrak ere baditu. Azken hauen aipamen laburra egingo dugu:
- Kostu murrizketaren aldetik begiratuta, prestazioa ematen duen enpresak etekinak izango baditu normalena izango da bi alderditatik egitea murrizketak:
- Prestazioa ematen duten langileen lan-baldintzetatik
- Zerbitzuaren bera emateko behar den bitartekoetatik
- Murrizketok zerbitzuaren kalitatearengan eragin nabarmena izan dezakete
- Urrundu egiten da erabiltzaile eta zerbitzuaren azken erantzule den udalaren arteko harremana, tartean beste entitate bat sartzen baita, kontratua eskuratu duen enpresa. Honela erabiltzailearentzat ez da argia zeini dagokion erantzunak ematea eta arazoen konponbideak topatzea.
- Bestalde, eta kontrata horrek enpresari ematen dizkion irabaziak ez dira zertan udalerrian edo beronen eskualdean berrinbertituko, askotan kanpoko enpresak izaten baitira eta bere akziodunen artean banatzeko izaten baitira.
Zerbitzuak mutualizatzearen aukera
Gestio publikoa eta gestio pribatuaren arteko dialektika gainditzeko zerbitzuen mutualizazioa bera aukera modura har daiteke. Ez da tarteko bide bat, edo behintza ez da derrigorra hala ulertzea nahiz eta mutualizazio kasu batzutan hala ikus daitekeen. Gestio publikoarengandik askoz gertuago dago, eta gainera zenbait kasutan zerbitzu publikoaren beraren helburuekin bat egiteko tresna interesgarriagoa izan daiteke.
Honez gain garapen lokalari ondo asko lotzen zaion aukera modura ere agertzen da zerbitzu publikoen mutualizazioa, izan ere tokiko enpresa ekimenak izan ohi baitira ekimen mutualista hauek, tokiari oso lotuak.
Honi gehitzen zaio gestio publikoaren eta pribatuaren onurak bere baitan biltzen dituela, besteak beste honakoak:
- Inplikazioa, bi zentzutan:
- Langileak baldin badira mutualizatutakoak:
- Beraiek erabakitzen dutelako lan-baldintzen inguruan, eta horretarako balizko irabaziak konprometitu ditzakete
- Langileek beraiek dute interesa zerbitzua bera kalitatez ematen, enpresaren jabe diren neurrian beraien intereseko baita kontratuak jarraitzea
- Lanarekiko lotura handiagoa izan ohi da kooperatibizatutako zerbitzuetan
- Zerbitzu emailea (udal administrazioa) eta erabiltzaileak mutualizatzeak zerbitzuaren kalitatearekiko eta kultura parte hartzaileagoarekiko konpromisoa adierazten duelako
- Zerbitzuan inertitutakoa eskualdean geratuko da, bi arrazoirengatik:
- Oinarri kooperatiboko enpresen sustraiak oso lokalal izan ohi direlako
- Irabaziak lurraldean inbertitzeko konpromisoa eduki ohi dutelako
Mutualizazio politiken orientazioa egitura hauen saretzea erraztera, kontratazio publikoan aintzat hartzera, garapen ekimenak horretara bideratzera, eta ekimenotan partaide izatera bidera daitezke besteak beste.
Amaitzeko...
Gai hau jorratuko dugun hurrengo postetan zerbitzuen mutualizaziorako aukerak eta bideak jorratuko ditugu.
Etiketak:
eraikuntza,
garraioa,
gizarte laguntza,
hezkuntza,
kooperatibizazioa,
mutualizazioa,
pribatizazioa,
titularitatea,
turismoa,
udal zerbitzuak,
zerbitzu publikoak
2012(e)ko apirilaren 27(a), ostirala
Udal mailako parte hartzea, pauso herrena
Post honekin parte hartzeari buruz hitz egiten hasiko gara, baina gure asmoa ez da Euskal Herrian parte hartzeari buruzko irakurketa historiko-soziologikoa egitea. Blog honen izateko arrazoiari jarraituaz, parte hartze politkei begira jarriko gara, edo are, politka faltari ere esan daiteke. Izan ere, azken hamarkadetan demokrazia ordezkatzailearen mugen jakitun, demokrazia parte hartzailea eguneroko ogi bihurtu da bere bariante guztiekin, baina benetako politika integralik ez da landu.
Azken urteotan asko hitz egin da parte hartzea areagotzeaz eta herritarrak gehiago inplikatzeaz erabakimen politikoan, baina horrek hala eta guztiz ere ez du lortu herrtar eta botere publikoen arteko distantzia modu nabarmenean murrizterik lortu. Egitura berriak sortu dira, informazio eta komunikazio teknologiak erabiltzen dira, sare sozialak eta abar, baina esan bezala, politikariek jarraitzen dute herritarren kezka iturri nagusi izaten.
Euskal Herria ez da salbuespen bat, nahiz eta ez daukagun bertoko herritarren kezka izan daitezkeenen zerrenda. Hala eta guztiz ere ukaezina da ahalegin bat egin dela, parte hartze araudiak egin, onartu eta aplikatu baitira zenbait udaletan eta Foru Aldundiren batean ere.
Edonola arau hauek erabakimen formalaren esparruak bere horretan uzten dituzte, ez dituzte ukitzen. Egia da legeek erabakimen esparru hauek bakarrik onartzen dituztela. Baina aldi berean pentsaezina da parte hartzea handitu egiten dela eta bide horretatik, ez behintzat benetako botere emate bat gertatzen ez baldin bada. Arau hauek askotan herritarren ekimen araugilea arautze dute, baina botere publikoaren beraren esku geratze da ez soilik erabakitzea ekimen horren bidez planteatutakoaz, baita eskaria bera onartzen duen ala ez ere.
Bestalde, joera badago parte hartzea botere publikoen eta herritarren arteko harremanetara mugatzekoa. Modu honetan esparru sozio-ekonomikoa arlo poltikotik aldenduta agertzen da, bai behintzat herritarrei dagokien arlo politikotik. Une honetan bizi dugun egoera ekonomikoak berak ere, kontrakoa pentsa arazi bazezakeen, ez du ekarri esparru sozio-ekonomiko hau gardenagoa egiteko eskari errealik. Honi buruz ere jardungo dugu aurrerago.
Beraz hasteko bi ideia nagusi:
Azken urteotan asko hitz egin da parte hartzea areagotzeaz eta herritarrak gehiago inplikatzeaz erabakimen politikoan, baina horrek hala eta guztiz ere ez du lortu herrtar eta botere publikoen arteko distantzia modu nabarmenean murrizterik lortu. Egitura berriak sortu dira, informazio eta komunikazio teknologiak erabiltzen dira, sare sozialak eta abar, baina esan bezala, politikariek jarraitzen dute herritarren kezka iturri nagusi izaten.
Euskal Herria ez da salbuespen bat, nahiz eta ez daukagun bertoko herritarren kezka izan daitezkeenen zerrenda. Hala eta guztiz ere ukaezina da ahalegin bat egin dela, parte hartze araudiak egin, onartu eta aplikatu baitira zenbait udaletan eta Foru Aldundiren batean ere.
Edonola arau hauek erabakimen formalaren esparruak bere horretan uzten dituzte, ez dituzte ukitzen. Egia da legeek erabakimen esparru hauek bakarrik onartzen dituztela. Baina aldi berean pentsaezina da parte hartzea handitu egiten dela eta bide horretatik, ez behintzat benetako botere emate bat gertatzen ez baldin bada. Arau hauek askotan herritarren ekimen araugilea arautze dute, baina botere publikoaren beraren esku geratze da ez soilik erabakitzea ekimen horren bidez planteatutakoaz, baita eskaria bera onartzen duen ala ez ere.
Bestalde, joera badago parte hartzea botere publikoen eta herritarren arteko harremanetara mugatzekoa. Modu honetan esparru sozio-ekonomikoa arlo poltikotik aldenduta agertzen da, bai behintzat herritarrei dagokien arlo politikotik. Une honetan bizi dugun egoera ekonomikoak berak ere, kontrakoa pentsa arazi bazezakeen, ez du ekarri esparru sozio-ekonomiko hau gardenagoa egiteko eskari errealik. Honi buruz ere jardungo dugu aurrerago.
Beraz hasteko bi ideia nagusi:
- Parte hartze esperientziak oso murritzak eta oso murriztaileak izan dira une honetara arte, benetako botere banatzerik ez baitu ekarri.
- Parte hartzearen beraren ikuspegi murritza nagusitu da, herritar indibiduala eta administrazioaren arteko harremanei mugatua. Ez ditu aintzat hartzen gizartearen beste espazio batzuk ekonomiarena adibidez, ezta (behar beste) gizarteak jardun politikorako sortzen dituen herrigintza elkarteak ere.
Etiketak:
parte hartze ekonomikoa,
parte hartzea,
zerbitzu publikoak
2012(e)ko apirilaren 20(a), ostirala
Zerbitzu publikoen titularitatea (II)
Aurreko batean esan bezala (Zerbitzu publikoen titularitatea (I)), zerbitzu publikoa ez da soilik administrazio publikoek ematen dutena, baina administrazio publikoek bermatzen dutenak interes orokorrarekiko lotura estuagoa du, eta hori dela-eta botere publikoek bermatu egiten dute herritar guztiengana iritsiko dela prestazioa berak emanaz, zuzenean ala zeharka.
Udal administrazioaren kasuan, herritarren eskariak zuzenean jasotzen dituenez, joera nabaria izan da legez dagozkion eskumenak gainditu, eta beste administrazio batzuei zegozkien zerbitzuak ere emateko.
Kontutan izan behar da udalen diru-sarrera iturri nagusienetakoa eraikuntza izan dela, eta 'adreiluaren ekonomiaren' loraldian diru kopuru garrantzitsuak eman dizkiela udalei.
Baina etxegintzaren boom-a bukatu da, eta horrek kinka larrian jarri ditu udalen (eta beste administrazioen) hainbat eta hainbat zerbitzu, legez ematea dagozkionak tarteko.
Bi hausnarketa nagusi uzten ditu honek:
Udal administrazioaren kasuan, herritarren eskariak zuzenean jasotzen dituenez, joera nabaria izan da legez dagozkion eskumenak gainditu, eta beste administrazio batzuei zegozkien zerbitzuak ere emateko.
Kontutan izan behar da udalen diru-sarrera iturri nagusienetakoa eraikuntza izan dela, eta 'adreiluaren ekonomiaren' loraldian diru kopuru garrantzitsuak eman dizkiela udalei.
Baina etxegintzaren boom-a bukatu da, eta horrek kinka larrian jarri ditu udalen (eta beste administrazioen) hainbat eta hainbat zerbitzu, legez ematea dagozkionak tarteko.
Bi hausnarketa nagusi uzten ditu honek:
- Udalen diru-sarreretan eraikuntzarekiko menpekotasuna gainditzeko araubidezko eta bestelako neurriak hartzea ezinbestekoa da
- Zerbitzu publikoen titularitateari buruzko hausnarketa bat ezinbestekoa da, eta hausnarketa honen orientazioan publikotasunaren ikuspegi zabalago bat edukitzea komeni da, zerbitzu emaileak eta hartzaileak integratuaz gestioan.
Etiketak:
eraikuntza,
titularitatea,
udal zerbitzuak,
udal-sarrerak,
zerbitzu publikoak
2012(e)ko martxoaren 2(a), ostirala
Gizarte zerbitzuak, ekonomia soziala eta enplegua
Joan den otsailaren 28an Noticias de Gipuzkoaren iritzi orrietan María Jesús Egidok, Gipuzkoako Batzar Nagusietako PSEko kideak artikulua argitaratu zuen gizarte zerbitzuetan ekonomia sozialak duen pisua eta enplegu duina sortzeko duen gaitasuna azalduz. Artikulu honetan aipatutakoak EKAIk egindako lan batean dute oinarria, eta blog honetan aurrerago izango dugu xehetzeko aukera.
Artikulua irakurtzeko esteka duzue hemen: http://ttiki.com/35446
Artikulua irakurtzeko esteka duzue hemen: http://ttiki.com/35446
Zerbitzu publikoen titularitatea (I)
Zeintzuk dira zerbitzu publikoak? Erantzun normalena interes orokorrari erantzuten diona izan da denbora luzez. Orain erantzun hori krisian dagoen arren, oinarri kontzeptual bat ematen dio behintzat zerbitzu hauen kudeaketaren konfigurazio instituzionalari.
Era batera ala bestera, jarduera ekonomiko ia guztiak ineteres orokorrekoak izan daitezke, baina zerbitzu publikoen kontzeptualizazioak askoz harantzago joan behar du. Balorazio ikuspegi batetik Estatuak, eta ondorioz, udalek sistematikoki mantendu eta sostengatzen dituzten zerbitzuak izango dira, batez ere interes orokorrean duten eragin handia dela kausa.
Honela ba lehen ondorio bat ikus dezakegu, zerbitzu publikoen eta gainerkao aktibitateen arteko muga ez da lehenak interes orokorrari erantzuten diotela eta bigarrenek berriz ez. Arrazoia gehiago da lehenek interes orokorrari gehiago erantzuten diotela gainerako aktibitateek baino.
Modu honetan, udalek zerbitzuk beren gain hartuta, zerbitzu hori behar duten herritarrei bermatu egiten zaie behar ahal jasoko dutela zerbitzua.
Etiketak:
titularitatea,
udal zerbitzuak,
zerbitzu publikoak
Harpidetu honetara:
Mezuak (Atom)